Skip to main content

Polarisation of Electromagnetic Waves




The polarisation of electric field states the orientation and magnitude of its field vectors and their alteration through the time. Polarisation is related to the transverse electromagnetic waves (TEM), in which directions and magnitudes of both electric and magnetic fields vary by time. Polarisation of EM waves from an antenna is classified into three main categories: linear, circular or elliptical polarisations. Furthermore, the direction of polarisation may be clockwise (CW, right-hand polarisation) or counter-clockwise (CCW, left-hand polarisation). For instance, the equation indicates a circularly polarized wave which consists of two components in the x and y directions. If polarisation of the receiver antenna does not match with the polarisation of incoming waves, the amplitudes of the received waves decrease. This polarisation mismatch will cause polarisation loss and reduce the power of the received signal. On the other hand, polarisation discrepancy can be employed to transmit two signals simultaneously at the same frequency-time resources using two different polarisations such as in satellite communication.



Antenna polarisation is another opportunity for MIMO systems. Because the vertical and horizontal polarisation may be utilized to increase the number of antennas in a given area. Single polarized and dual polarized 2\times2 MIMO systems have been compared [1], in which they show that if there is a high correlation between two antennas, then polarized MIMO have better performance over a single polarized system. In another similar study, they perform broadband outdoor channel measurement to verify the performance of 2x3 dual-polarized MIMO system at 2.5 GHz frequency and they achieved higher capacity using dual polarisation especially in the close range. On the other hand, aforementioned two studies demonstrate that if the distance between transmitter and receiver is large enough, then single polarised MIMO system performs better than the dual polarised system.

Popular posts from this blog

Most Popular and Best Video Games in 2021

The video game industry is one of the biggest virtual industries in the world. Almost half of the world's population is regularly playing games to relieve the stress in their lives. As a result, the importance of the gaming industry is increasing every passing year. Thus, we wanted to compile the most popular video games in 2021 for you! Do not miss your chance to check out the following games to give them a try. These games have been chosen by our editor and we are sure that you will enjoy playing them. Computer games are played by everyone ! These are the best video games in 2021 according to our game editor, please keep reading for the details of each game. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare FIFA 2021 Fortnite New World Apex Legends Top 5 - Most Popular Video Games in 2021 Here are the top 5 most popular video games that managed to be highly popular in 2021. We bet you have played some of these amazing games before! 1. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Call of Duty is one of the most popul

Electromagnetic Modelling and Antenna Simulation via Opensource Software

Commercial electromagnetic simulation (EM) software packages such as CST Microwave Studio and  ANSYS HFSS are widely used in commercial applications and educational purposes. Based on my experience, they provide very accurate results which match measurements in most antenna works. On the other hand, there are also very solid opensource software and applications which may also provide similar results in some applications. Antennas are also used in radio telescopes While commercial EM software suits usually have very good documentations, easy-to-use interference, and result visualisation and navigation tools, opensource EM software suits might consist of only the solver and documentation which explains how it should be used and implemented for design and simulation via an interference and a programming language such as Python, MATLAB, C++ . As they are opensource, it is also possible to edit their codes and advance their functions and performance. Thus, these features makes opensource

On the performance of Matlab and Parallel Computing

MATLAB is one of the most powerful scientific computing tools along with Python. Although Python is my favorite scientific programming language since it is opensource, well-documented and has plenty of libraries, I sometimes use MATLAB especially while dealing with very large matrices as MATLAB is highly optimized for large-scale matrix operations, consequently, it performs better at processing very large matrices. From a parallel computing perspective, MATLAB actually strives to utilize all available CPU cores in a parallel way to maximize its performance and reduce the computation time when it is possible. Therefore, it does a kind of parallel computing when it is possible such as in matrix operations as these operations are very suitable to be run parallelly.  However, the parallel operation of the MATLAB might be restricted by bad coding practice of the users especially using for or while loops, because those loops are generally performed in a serial manner with an increasi